Цитаты
Спасение человечества заключено в сердце человека, в способности человека к самопознанию, в человеческой кротости и в человеческой ответственности. Вацлав Гавел |
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Statement in connection with the second anniversary of formation of North-Caucasian federal district
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 On January 19, 2010 the President of RF signed the decree on formation of new district that included Republic of Daghestan, Republic of Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkar Republic, Karachai-Cherkess Republic, Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, Chechen Republic, and Stavropol region. Pyatigorsk city was confirmed as the center of the federal district.
After two years of functioning of the district, it is possible to make some summary and analyze successes and failures. Formation of the district pursued the following main objects:
- implementation of strategy of the federal center aimed at “establishment of order”, accomplishment of political-managerial approach towards the region;
- rise of level of security and stability in the region, elimination of several gangster units and field commanders, and criminal groups;
- improvement of social-economic climate in the region.
Development of target doctrinal document of the FD development (“Strategy of social-economic development of NCFD till 2025”), target projects of territorial development zones; a number of measures of social, economic character, change of tasks and reforming of law-and-order system; activation of civil society, dialogue of authority and society, formation of Public council of NCFD, council of elders, target commissions, formation of new public organizations, holding of broad public activities, especially youth ones, as well as several other important measures had to promote implementation of these objectives.
As a result of purposeful policy aimed at improvement of situation in the region, allocation of big financial funds for improvement of economic and social climate (in 2010 subsidies in amount of 179 bln. rubles made up 89% of budget of Ingushetia, 87% of budget of Chechnya, 74% of budget of Daghestan, 68% of budget of North Ossetia, 60% of budget of Karachai-Cherkess, 54% of budget of Kabardino-Balkaria and 34% of budget of Stavropol region), some successes were achieved in NCFD republics. These were elimination of some leaders of illegal armed gangster units and militants, completion of large-scale phases of military anti-terrorist operations, absence of open ethnic conflicts, absence of obvious signs of confrontation between federal center and republics.
First of all one can speak about improvement of situation in Chechen republic where organizational-managerial structures were restored, the economy that was destroyed by wars is restored quickly and Grozny city is newly built. At the same time even notable progress in this republic still does not cancel some problems: financing of republic is of non-transparent character, coercive units fulfill operations that often contradict the legislation. Solution of these problems requires keener and more responsible attention towards the republic on the part of the Federal center.
One may state that the main center of problems of the North Caucasus just shifted a little – from Chechnya to Daghestan. Situation in Daghestan republic was considerably aggravated in many parameters: criminality increased extremely, and information about death of journalists, public and religious figures regularly comes. In general criminality spread practically around the whole territory of NCFD during recent two years including regions that were quiet before – Karachai-Cherkess and Kabardino-Balkaria. And despite active counteraction to terrorists, the situation is still grave. Among notable figures, minister of home affairs of Daghestan A. Magomedtagirov was killed (on June 5, 2009) as well as deputy chairman of Spiritual directorate of Moslems of Karachai-Cherkess and Stavropol region I. Bostanov (on September 20, 2009), head of Directorate of home affairs of Makhachkala A. Magomedov (on February 5, 2010), mufti of Kabardino-Balkar republic A. Pshikhachev (on December 15, 2010), deputy chief of republican Center for counteraction to extremism of Kabardino-Balkar republic Kh. Bogatyryov (on June 12, 2011), founder of weekly “Rough copy” Hadjimurad Kamalov (on December 16, 2011) etc were killed by Islamists.
According to estimates of the chief of department of Directorate of Office of general public prosecutor for NCFD Olga Menshikova, totally 75 thousand crimes were committed in the district and one third of them were grave and especially grave. Among them enormous number of kidnappings of people was recorded so that a special program for combat against kidnapping had to be developed. And kidnappings are just a small part of general wave of criminality that had overflown NCFD. It is obviously no success in coping with it, and many reasons for this exist.
One of the reasons is a corruption constituent in actions of law-enforcement bodies and illegalities the police and law-enforcement bodies often resort to. Thus, on October 7 the chairman of the Central Council for development of civil society and human rights in Southern and North-Caucasian federal districts V. Stepanov informed that only in 2011 human rights activists revealed 75 fabricated criminal cases in the North Caucasus.
Grave economic situation in republics of the North Caucasus is as important reason for criminality. In the region where the clannish principle of access to power is traditionally developed, sharp property stratification of population and differences in standard of life take place. Unemployment level is extremely high: in 2010 number of only registered unemployed people in the North-Caucasian federal district was 8,63% of number of economically active population (in general for Russia this share was 2,1%). Social situation in NCFD regions is subject to influence of such factors as competitive and often criminal combat for redivision of property (in construction sphere, in production of gas-lubricating materials, wines and liquors, in resort-tourist sphere, in restaurant, hotel and leisure business). Land relations system contains high conflict-genic potential. Purchase of land and realty objects is often perceived by local population as “invasion of aliens”, “colonization”. Formation of criminal groups based upon the principle of ethnic belonging takes place.
Important role of latent conflicts in the North Caucasus should be also noted that periodically become apparent as mass actions, skirmishes, clannish and staff “wars”. Conflict between two “titular” peoples of Kabardino-Balkar Republic lasts since 2009. Demarcation of lands during which ethnic activists on both parts stated the infringement of rights of their peoples, became the reason. Similar situation is observed in Karachai-Cherkess where tension remains in relations of Karachais with Circassians and Abazins. Several latent conflicts at once are developing in Stavropol region where local Russians, Chechens, Darghins, Armenians, Greeks and Nogays are the parties.
Director of Moscow bureau for human rights Alexander Brod: “Human rights organizations and press that could interpret the current events and serve as an informational channel between federal center and republics are periodically subject to pressure, and attacks on journalists are arranged”.
As a result, outflow of population into the regions of central Russia is observed. Be it arranged properly, this would cause positive results too but general lack of regulation of migratory processes, lack of appropriate legislation, and frequent manifestations of migrant-phobia towards the newcomers hamper this.
In general the managerial policy towards the regions conducted by the leaders of the country – the policy for achievement of security, stability, social justice, legality, law-and-order – may be estimated as expedient and prospective. This is the policy aimed at full-sized development of the region, at support of its cultural specificity, respect of interests of local communities as integrate subjects of all-Russian process. The problem is how efficiently would the federal authority, in liaison with local authorities, implement this policy and how seriously would the civil society institutions be developed and supported.
(The statement is based upon the materials of MBHR expert in NCFD, Doctor of political science, professor of Pyatigorsk state linguistic university M. Astvatsaturova). |
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